How to automate Your Emails using Python

I used to feel trouble when I’ve to send a lot of emails at once and that too as individuals. So one day I thought why not create some program which can send emails automatically. There may be more straightforward methods of doing this in a production environment, but I wrote a program which worked properly.

There are 2 files. One of which contains names and email address of the person whom we wanna send email. Other one contains a simple message which we want to send.

The smtplib module of Python is basically all you need to send simple emails, without any subject line or such additional information. But for real emails, you do need a subject line and lots of information — maybe even pictures and attachments.

This is where Python’s email package comes in. Keep in mind that it’s not possible to send an email message using the email package alone. You need a combination of both email and smtplib.

Here are four basic steps for sending emails using Python:

Set up the SMTP server and log into your account.
Create the MIMEMultipart message object and load it with appropriate headers for From, To, and Subject fields.
Add your message body.
Send the message using the SMTP server object.

Now let me walk you through the whole process.

Let’s say you have a contacts file mycontacts.txt as follows:

Each line represents a single contact. We have the name followed by the email address. I’m storing everything in lowercase. I’ll leave it to the programming logic to convert any fields to upper-case or sentence-case if necessary. All of that is pretty easy in Python.

Next, we have the message template file message.txt.

Notice the word “${PERSON_NAME}”? That is a template string in Python. Template strings can easily be replaced with other strings; in this example, ${PERSON_NAME} is going to be replaced with the actual name of the person, as you’ll see shortly.

Now let’s start with the Python code. First up, we need to read the contacts from the mycontacts.txt file. We might as well generalize this bit into its own function.

def get_contacts(filename):
    names = []
    emails = []
    with open(filename, mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as contacts_file:
        for a_contact in contacts_file:
            names.append(a_contact.split()[0])
            emails.append(a_contact.split()[1])
    return names, emails

The function get_contacts() takes a filename as its argument. It will open the file, read each line (i.e., each contact), split it into name and email, and then append them into two separate lists. Finally, the two lists are returned from the function.

We also need a function to read in a template file (like message.txt) and return a Template object made from its contents.

from string import Template

def read_template(filename):
    with open(filename, 'r', encoding='utf-8') as template_file:
        template_file_content = template_file.read()
    return Template(template_file_content)

Just like the previous function, this one takes a filename as its argument.

To send the email, you need to make use of SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol). As mentioned earlier, Python provides libraries to handle this task.

# import the smtplib module. It should be included in Python by default
import smtplib
# set up the SMTP server
s = smtplib.SMTP(host='your_host_address_here', port=your_port_here)
s.starttls()
s.login(MY_ADDRESS, PASSWORD)

In the above code snippet, you’re importing the smtplib and then creating an SMTP instance that encapsulates an SMTP connection. It takes as parameter the host address and a port number, both of which entirely depends on the SMPT settings of your particular email service provider. For instance, in the case of Outlook, line 4 above would instead be:

s = smtplib.SMTP(host='smtp.gmail.com', port=587)

You should use the host address and port number of your particular email service provider for the whole thing to work.

MY_ADDRESS and PASSWORD above are two variables that holds the full email address and password of the account you’re going to use.

Now would be a good time to fetch the contact information and the message templates using the functions we defined above.

names, emails = get_contacts('mycontacts.txt')  # read contacts
message_template = read_template('message.txt')

Now, for each of those contacts, let’s send the mail separately.

# import necessary packages
from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart
from email.mime.text import MIMEText

# For each contact, send the email:
for name, email in zip(names, emails):
    msg = MIMEMultipart()       # create a message

    # add in the actual person name to the message template
    message = message_template.substitute(PERSON_NAME=name.title())

    # setup the parameters of the message
    msg['From']=MY_ADDRESS
    msg['To']=email
    msg['Subject']="This is TEST"

    # add in the message body
    msg.attach(MIMEText(message, 'plain'))

    # send the message via the server set up earlier.
    s.send_message(msg)
    
    del msg

For each name and email (from the contacts file), you’re creating a MIMEMultipart object, setting up the From, To, Subject content-type headers as a keyword dictionary, and then attaching the message body to the MIMEMultipart object as plain text. You might want to read the documentation to find out more about other MIME types you can experiment with.

Also note that on line 10 above, I’m replacing ${PERSON_NAME} with the actual name extracted from the contacts file using the templating mechanism in Python.

In this particular example I’m deleting the MIMEMultipart object and re-creating it each time you iterate through the loop.

Once that is done, you can send the message using the handy send_message() function of the SMTP object you created earlier.

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